Germanys Changing Health Care System essays

Germany's Changing Health Care System essays In 1949, when the occupying armies of the Allies left the region that had been the German nation, two states were created, Communist-bloc East Germany, and a western-friendly democracy, West Germany. In 1961, the East Germany government erected a wall in Berlin to keep East Germans from becoming West Germans. The wall, a hated symbol but also a real wedge into German culture and society, stood until 1989. Suddenly, in the spring and summer of that year, there was an exodus of East German citizens through embassies in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. In early October, there were unheard-of public demonstrations against the East German government in With the world watching on TV, on November 9, 1989, the citizens of East German and West Germany breached the Berlin wall, and changed Germanand even Europeansociety in far-reaching ways. Only twenty-one days later, on November 28, 1989, West German chancellor Helmut Kohl laid out a program to overcome another division, that between Germany and the A tacit quarantine of Germany, possibly because of the aggressive posturing of East Germany (GDR), had existed since the Second World War. On March 18, 1990, the first free elections were held in East Germany. The result was virtual unification of the East and West Germany. It was an event that would begin changes, startlingly enough, away from completely socialized medicine in West Germany and toward a more market- economy system. Despite its free market economy and democratic elections, West Germany had an enviable socialized heath care scheme. Historical basis of German healthcare Healthcare is regarded by sociologists as a social protection system.' Designing such systems has always been high on the political agenda in Europe; after World War II, during a period of high economic growth in which there was a relati...

Gothic History and Origins

Gothic History and Origins The term Gothic was used in the Renaissance to describe certain types of art and architecture in the Middle Ages. This art was considered inferior, just as the Romans had held themselves superior to the barbarians. In the 18th century, the term Gothic morphed into a genre of literature that had elements of horror. In the late 20th century it morphed again into a style and subculture characterized by heavy eyeliner and all-black clothing. Originally, the Goths were one of the barbarian horseback riding groups that caused trouble for the Roman Empire. Ancient Source on the Goths The ancient Greeks considered the Goths to be Scythians. The name Scythian was used by the ancient historian, Herodotus (440 B.C.), to describe barbarians who lived on their horses north of the Black Sea and were likely not Goths. When the Goths came to live in the same area, they were considered Scythians because of their barbarian way of living. It is hard to know when the people we call Goths began to intrude on the Roman Empire. According to Michael Kulikowski, in Romes Gothic Wars, the first securely attested Gothic raid took place in 238 A.D. when Goths sacked Histria. In 249 they attacked Marcianople. A year later, under their king Cniva, they sacked several Balkan cities. In 251, Cniva routed Emperor Decius at Abrittus. The raids continued and moved from the Black Sea to the Aegean where the historian Dexippus successfully defended a besieged Athens against them. He later wrote about the Gothic Wars in his Scythica. Although most of Dexippus is lost, the historian Zosimus had access to his historical writing. By the end of the 260s, the Roman Empire was winning against the Goths. Medieval Source on the Goths The story of the Goths generally begins in Scandinavia, as is told by the historian, Jordanes, in his The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter 4: IV (25) Now from this island of Scandza, as from a hive of races or a womb of nations, the Goths are said to have come forth long ago under their king, Berig by name. As soon as they disembarked from their ships and set foot on the land, they straightway gave their name to the place. And even to-day it is said to be called Gothiscandza. (26) Soon they moved from here to the abodes of the Ulmerugi, who then dwelt on the shores of Ocean, where they pitched camp, joined battle with them and drove them from their homes. Then they subdued their neighbors, the Vandals, and thus added to their victories. But when the number of the people increased greatly and Filimer, son of Gadaric, reigned as kingabout the fifth since Berighe decided that the army of the Goths with their families should move from that region. (27) In search of suitable homes and pleasant places they came to the land of Scythia, called Oium in that tongue. Here they were delighted with the great richness of the country, a nd it is said that when half the army had been brought over, the bridge whereby they had crossed the river fell in utter ruin, nor could anyone thereafter pass to or fro. For the place is said to be surrounded by quaking bogs and an encircling abyss, so that by this double obstacle nature has made it inaccessible. And even to-day one may hear in that neighborhood the lowing of cattle and may find traces of men, if we are to believe the stories of travellers, although we must grant that they hear these things from afar. Germans and Goths Kulikowski says the idea that the Goths were associated with the Scandinavians and therefore Germans had great appeal in the 19th century and were supported by the discovery of a linguistic relationship between the languages of the Goths and Germans. The idea that a language relationship implies an ethnic relationship was popular but doesnt bear out in practice. Kulikowski says the only evidence of a Gothic people from before the third century comes from Jordanes, whose word is suspect. Kulikowski on the Problems of Using Jordanes Jordanes wrote in the second half of the sixth century. He based his history on the no longer extant writing of a Roman nobleman named Cassiodorus whose work he had been asked to abridge. Jordanes did not have the history in front of him when he wrote, so how much was his own invention cant be ascertained. Much of Jordanes writing has been rejected as too fanciful, but the Scandinavian origin has been accepted. Kulikowski points to some of the far-fetched passages in Jordanes history to say that Jordanes is unreliable. Where some his reports are corroborated elsewhere, they can be used. Where there is no supporting evidence, we need other reasons for accepting. In the case of the so-called origins of the Goths, any supporting evidence comes from people using Jordanes as a source. Kulikowski also objects to using archaeological evidence as support because artifacts moved around and were traded. In addition, archaeologists have based their attribution of Gothic artifacts to Jordanes. If Kulikowski is right, we dont know where the Goths came from or where they were before their third-century excursions into the Roman Empire.

The Experience Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Experience Economy - Essay Example The importance of themes can be seen in the success that businesses that have identified a right theme for their business activity have attained. It is this right theme that gives customers something to associate with the business activities of the business enterprise. Very common examples of this are eateries that have identified a theme and built their business activities around such a theme. Customers coming to such eateries attracted by the theme put out like Hard Rock Cafà © or the House of Blues and continue coming there because the experiences there have appealed to all the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Chapter One on â€Å"Welcome to the Experience Economy† attempts to convey the message or argument that experiences are a clear and distinct economic offering and provides the means for future economic growth against stagnation since the agrarian economy and the scale economy of industrialization. The book starts with these words â€Å"Commoditized. No company wants that word applied to its goods or services†. (p.1). However, that is exactly what has happened. With the sole concentration on price there is hardly any differentiation between products and services and so margins crash. Coffee is a true commodity. Yet, it also offers to be a commodity, good, or service depending on the how customers can be made to attribute value to it. Sold as coffee beans it remains a commodity, but as coffee powder it becomes a good. However, sold in a restaurant the value of ambience lifts the value of a cup of coffee sold and provides a sensation of experience to the cup of coffee thr ough teasing the senses, through theatre experience or the like and thus the value of the cup of coffee rises even further. This is the economic offering that experience offers and the basis of the experience economy of the authors. In Chapter Two on â€Å"Setting the Stage† the authors try to reinforce this message by taking and demonstrating with examples

The negative and positive effects of outsourcing to developing Essay

The negative and positive effects of outsourcing to developing countries - Essay Example Outsourcing can be taken to refer to the downsizing of an organization's workforce, whereby those tasks previously performed by these individuals are alternatively performed by automation or the tasks are exported to another base for completion especially overseas where the tasks can be completed cheaply For instance, India and china are known to provide the largest pool of labour in the manufacturing industry, most notably the clothing industry. For the purpose of this report, however, outsourcing is defined as the provision of domestic tasks or assignments from internal production to an external organization particularly in the area of fashion (Eriksen, 2005). This definition can be supported by Ross (2004) who argues that many immigrants, especially from developing countries work in the apparel industry toiling in sweatshops where the violation of laws governing their wages, safety and child labour is rife (Ross, 2004). According to him, there are about a quarter million sweatshop workers in the United States all employing immigrants from the third world, hence producing a competitive race to the bottom among low-wage countries. Since its inception, therefore, outsourcing has become a phenomenon that has taken the world by storm (Haynes, 1999). Accordingly, it has brought about the growth of information technology, assisted globalization thereby generating multinational societies that have necessitated certain situations where stiff competition tends to take control of our lives (Eriksen, 2005). A manifestation of this cut- throat competition is witnessed in the frenzy with which research and development are occurring in business and most notable in fashion where trade mark names in the clothing industry are the order of the day. Take for instance labels like Van-Heusen, Marks and Spencer, Nike and Adidas just to mention but only a few. You are not fashionable if you don't don any of these household names (Rosen, 2002). Other areas where outsourcing is taking centre stage include computer programming positions, administrative works and production assignments, with third world countries such as India and China ending up being the highest end-users for this outsourced work (Haynes, 1999). The same competition is also found in the efforts shown by companies in cutting expenditure and attempting to offer the best of services ever, which has finally catapulted itself into outsourcing. This situation is becoming more frightening each waking day because more and more companies are emulating their rivals in business (Eriksen, 2005). On the other hand, outsourcing is considered by majority of business people as a win-win state of affairs but regrettably has not been always the case. In fact it is associated with plenty of shortcomings that are beyond the understanding of most people. The current major disadvantage of outsourcing is that the first world nations have policies in place governing outsourcing that are too inclined to one side to be able to offer a level playing ground for big and small companies alike, thus leaving the only alternative open for them to outsource (Haynes, 1999). Given that outsourcing generally leads to lowering of the prices for products and services, then most organisations are forced to outsource so as to remain in business. This outsourcing makes sure that products and services that are produced are both cheaper and of high quality and at the same time get better sales than those with only quality but costing a fortune, consequently making profits sky rocket (Haynes, 1999). Evidence available indicates that for the previous couple of years, the United States economy has emerged as a budding economy, significantly and irretrievably impacting strongly on the global market (Haynes, 1999). One of the most momentous impacts of this robust economy lies in the area of outsourcing to foreign countries. That is why the developed

The Lost Girl Essay Example for Free

The Lost Girl Essay Declamation by dhang I am a girl, young in heart and in mind†¦ I am carefree, I enjoy doing nothing but play,play and play†¦ I seldom go to school but hmp! nobody cares! Instead,you will see me roaming around standing at the nearby canto, or hanging around at the sari-sari store standing beside the jukebox stand†¦ One day I asked I asked my mother to teach me how to behave, to live, and appreciate all the beautiful things in life. Would you like to know what she told me? She said†¦ Can’t you see, I have to hurry up for my majong session! So I turned to my father to console me. But what a wonderful word he did tell me†¦ Child, I have to finish my overtime work†¦Here’s 500 pesos, go and ask your teacher about that question†¦ Sadly,I attended my class†¦ But I heard nothing but the echoing voice of my teacher,torturing me with her words†¦ Hey yo lazy girl! Why waste your time studying those things? When up to now you can’t even multiply seven by nine? Go home and don’t bother me!!! I am lost†¦confused†¦I don’t know what to do with myself†¦ Where are my parents to guide me? My teachers to give me inspirations? My friends, when I play? I’m lazy and irresponsible. When I try to study, I get punished for not being able to answer. Where now†¦I’m confused†¦ Somebody, please help me†¦ You say that the world is beautiful, why is it treating me this way? Hear me please! Help me please! Help me†¦ I am lost†¦

Y2K Bug :: essays research papers

Y2K – The Big Issue Abstract and Executive Overview What is the Y2K issue? This paper will describe the problems associated with Y2K and how Industry, Government, and Small Businesses are handling the problem. The first chapter introduces the Y2K issues. Chapter 2 will define how this affects the different businesses and Government agencies. Chapter 3 will develop an overall plan on how to attack the problem and recommendations. The majority of this paper will develop a plan on how each of the businesses and Government agencies should attack the Y2K problems. There should be a logical approach to planning how to investigate, test, validate, and if required, develop a contingency plan for Y2K. The job is to either form a team of personnel or hire a consulting firm to assess your situation. The team should employ the following steps: assess the system, renovate the system if necessary, validate the renovation if necessary, implement the renovation if necessary, test the renovation if necessary, and finally have a contingency plan in the event that renovating the system is not feasible and/or is too late. The only necessary or required action is to assess the system. This will be discussed in detail in my paper. The real issue is that less than a year remains before the year 2000 problems are here. The recommendation is to begin working this issue now. It may be too late, but that is when the contingency plan comes in handy. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What are the Y2K Issues? 2. What impacts are they’re to Government, Industry, and Small Business? 3. What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues? 4. Recommendation 5. References 6. Glossary Chapter 1 What are the Y2K Issues? There are actually more dates than just the year 2000 date. There are dates that can impact the leap year algorithms; Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII code dates. The top dates that need to be checked are: 1. 9 September 1999. This date can be read in code as 9999. In computer language, specifically ASCII code, this translates into a request for the processor to stop processing. 2. 1 October 1999. This is the start of the new Fiscal year for the Government (FY00). The algorithm for this may not be able to go from FY99 to FY00. 3. 31 December 1999.

Fluids And Solids Handling Technology Engineering Essay

Slurry is by and large defined as a thick suspension of solids in liquid. In a commercial slurry grapevine system we deal with assorted composings of slurries at changing distances. The grapevine building techniques for a coal slurry grapevine are about the same for a conventional grapevine. In a slurry grapevine system H2O is used as the chief conveyance medium. The ore is normally assorted with H2O by 50 % such that the slurry can be worked by the pumps and can be transported between the assorted phases. Slurries are divided into two groups harmonizing to their different features ; non-settling and settling slurries. In non-settling slurries, the all right atoms form a stable homogeneous mixtures exhibiting increased evident viscousness. This all right particles causes the slurry to act in a instead unusual manner than a normal liquid and are termed as non-Newtonian. On the other manus, settling slurries are formed by thick atoms signifiers an unstable mixture. The atoms have higher erosion belongingss and organize the bulk of slurry applications. They are termed as heterogenous slurries.[ 1 ]DrumheadSection ( a ) The maps of slurry conveyance can be composed into three major parts which are ; Slurry readying Conveying Dewatering of slurry Ore suppression and grinding Figure 1: Ore Oppressing Process In order for the mineral to be used more rationally, it must be processed and crushed into different sizes such that they can be worked upon by the staying parts of the grapevine system. The oppressing procedure can cut down the size of the ore by 8 inches or less holding decrease ratios of 4 to 10. The size of the ores depends upon the system demands runing from 150mm to less than 1mm in size. These crushed atoms can be farther grinded into smaller atoms ( up to micro metres in size ) such that they can be mixed with the working fluid, holding decrease ratios of 50 to 100. Sometimes by merchandises are added into the system so that the wet content can be retained in the system.coal crusher work rule Picture Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.rockscrusher.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/coal-crusher-work-principle-286Ãâ€"300.jpg Cyclone centrifuges Figure 2: Cyclone centrifuge They are typically used to divide the crushed atoms to a needed size. They use the action of centrifugal force created by a digressive recess. The digressive recess produces a whirl in the system and the heavier atoms are collected on the underside and the igniter particles flight on the top called the whirl. The size of the atoms to be spectated depends on the diameter of the cyclone. Larger the diameter, larger the atom size. Thus cyclones are used in the grapevine system so that the needed partial size of the ore to be worked upon can be obtained. It is of import that the system is harder than the merchandise conveyed otherwise even the presence of little per centums of extremely scratchy stuffs will do terrible wear in the system.Cyclone Centrifuge Picture Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //2.imimg.com/data2/PK/JO/MY-/cyclone-separator-250Ãâ€"250.jpg Pumps Figure 3: A Centrifugal slurry pump Usually for long grapevines the Piston stop positive supplanting pump are used. These pumps are robust, dependable and have great public presentation while working with slurryaa‚ ¬a„?s in a grapevine. It is a positive supplanting pump that uses the combination of a gum elastic or thermoplastic stop and a non-return cheque valves to pump the fluid. One of the chief advantage is that the pumping Chamberss and the slurry being pumped are non in contact with any close adjustment rotary sliding seals. There is no demand to utilize variable velocity drivers or motors because the capacities are varied within the pumps range. They can develop force per unit areas up to 125 pounds per square inchs when high suction lifts are required. Normally a power supply of 15MW is required to present power to these pumps. The discharge of the pump can be shut off at any clip for long periods of clip with no harm. Fluid force per unit area alleviation valv es or force per unit area control devices are non normally needed as pump discharge force per unit area can be no higher than the air force per unit area. They are self-priming with suction lifts up to 20 pess and more and can pump highly high barbarous fluids. These pumps can be submerged in fluids, even caustic fluids. They can work with immense scope of fluids, even those which are organic and caustic. hypertext transfer protocol: //img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/hard-metal-centrifugal-slurry-pump-20610-2262577.jpg Picture Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/hard-metal-centrifugal-slurry-pump-20610-2262577.jpg Grapevine The stuff of the pipe should be well much harder than the conveyed stuff such that there is no wear and tear. Their hardness should be greater than the stuff slurry. The pipes are made up of stuffs from high strength low metal steels to bimetallic and metallurgical bonded stuffs. These stuffs are normally enhanced even more to run into the system demands of the grapevine. Debasing the steel can better the strength and wear opposition, for illustration adding high degrees of C and manganese additions the tensile strength of mild steel by 70 % and the wear opposition by 20 % . Other debasing stuffs include chrome, nickel, V etc. The pipe diameter used should be such that the minimal slurry speed needed to forestall solid subsiding is achieved. Figure 4: Slurry Handling System including slurry keeping armored combat vehicle, slurry pump and slurry grapevine A figure of valves and adjustments are used in the system which overcomes obstructions and interruptions in the system. Dump pools might besides be used to pin down the slurry when interruptions and obstructions are needed to be tackled. The pipe stuff microstructure can be modified by cold working ( produces stronger and rougher stuff ) and by heat treating ( better profile than cold working and is done by fire or by initiation hardening ) . However the addition in material hardness decreases its malleable belongings and increases its crispness, therefore by slaking the interior of the surface of the pipe by intensive slaking engineering the needed hardness can be obtained. The outer surface will be still malleable which an advantage because it allows the easiness of transit. Picture Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0892687510001160-gr1.jpg The interior bed of the pipe can be improved by run alonging it with a bed of wear tiles which are made up of stuffs that are harder than the pipe stuff. They can be cast as rings and layered inside the pipe. Depending on the atom size and form, every bit good as the belongings to absorb impact energy, gum elastic and high ductile polymers can be used to line the inside bed of the pipe. Sometimes double walled pipes are besides used in a grapevine system. It consists of a pipe holding two distinguishable stuffs, a high tensile strength outer pipe covering a hard-boiled inner pipe. This produces system in which the outer aa‚ ¬E?shellaa‚ ¬a„? absorbs the impacts of the interior pipe. However the hardened bed is non bonded to the outside pipe, and can do a plugging obstructor. This is tackled by utilizing bimetallistic pipes which rely on a metallurgical bond between two distinguishable chemical sciences. The interior pipe stuff can be selected depending on the slu rry being conveyed. The outer pipe can be selected by sing force per unit area capacity, lastingness and weld ability. Dewatering of Slurry At the discharge of a slurry grapevine it is indispensable to take the H2O so that the transported stuff can be worked with. It can be done automatically by utilizing filter imperativenesss, screens and extractors. Screening is normally used as the efficiency of dewatering depends on the atom size distribution. In the instance of coal, two phase cyclones are used for dewatering. The underflow from the cyclones is collected in a extractor to cut down the residuary moister content by 17 to 20 % . Hydro cyclones are besides used in some instances. Thermal drying is normally the last measure of the dewatering procedure. Section ( B ) Section ( degree Celsius )